LipsThey close for p and b and round for some vowels.
TeethThe lower lip meets the upper teeth for f and v.
Hard palateThe bony roof of the mouth, behind the alveolar ridge.
Soft palate (velum)It lifts to shut off the nose and lowers for nasal sounds.
Nasal cavityAir passes through it for nasal sounds such as m and n.
Alveolar ridgeThe bony ridge behind the upper teeth, where t is made.
Tongue tipIt touches the alveolar ridge for t and d.
Tongue bladeThe tongue's upper surface just behind the tip.
Tongue bodyIt rises to the soft palate for k and g.
Tongue rootThe base of the tongue, facing the back of the throat.
UvulaIt hangs off the soft palate's end.
Oral cavity (mouth)The space inside the mouth, between tongue and palate.
Pharynx (throat)The space at the back of the mouth, above the larynx.
EpiglottisA leaf-shaped flap above the larynx, behind the tongue root.
How this list was compiled: Every name and detail line was read on 2026-10-03 and kept only where two independent sources give it. (1) Wikipedia, text only: Place of articulation, Articulatory phonetics, Vocal tract, Soft palate, Hard palate, Uvula, Glottis, Vocal cords, Larynx and Epiglottis, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place_of_articulation . (2) Essentials of Linguistics, an open textbook (2018, CC BY-SA 4.0), 2.2 How Humans Produce Speech and 2.3 Articulators, https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/essentialsoflinguistics/chapter/2-3-articulators/ . (3) Phonetics and Phonology of English: A Simplified Course-Book, Department of English, Zabid College of Education, Hodeidah University (2016 to 2017), The Vocal Tract and Speech Organs and Articulators, https://archive.org/details/PhoneticsAndPhonologyOfEnglishASimplifiedCoursebookByDrShaghi20162017 . (4) US National Cancer Institute, SEER Training Modules: Mouth; Larynx and Trachea; Mechanics of Ventilation, https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/digestive/regions/mouth.html . The drawing is our own. Licence: own work
The drawing: Drawn for this site on 2026-10-03 from plain geometry. Own original drawing; nothing traced or copied. Licence: own work
How it works
One drawing, fourteen blank lines: lips, teeth, four points along the roof of the mouth, four parts of the tongue, three cavities and the epiglottis. The lungs, trachea, larynx and vocal folds are on the speech anatomy quiz.
Read the full guide
Labeling the cavities of the vocal tract on the blank sheet
Three lines end in an air space: the nasal cavity behind the nose, the oral cavity between tongue and palate, and the pharynx, the upright tube behind the tongue. Along the roof of the mouth, front to back: teeth, alveolar ridge, hard palate, soft palate, uvula. The straight lines that cut the tongue into tip, blade, body and root are a teaching device, not anatomy.
Study the sound names with the parts
Phonetics names a consonant after the part where it is made: labial at the lips, dental at the teeth, palatal at the hard palate, velar at the soft palate, uvular at the uvula, pharyngeal in the pharynx. For the tongue, apical means the tip, laminal the blade, dorsal the body and radical the root.
The head faces left: the lips are at the left edge of the drawing and the throat at the right.
The top of the windpipe, at the foot of the drawing, is there for place and has no line.
Questions and answers
What are the cavities of the vocal tract?
The laryngeal cavity, the pharynx, the oral cavity and the nasal cavity. The sheet has a blank line for each of the last three.
Is the vocal tract the same as the organs of speech?
Not quite. The vocal tract is the set of cavities where the sound made in the larynx is filtered. Speech also needs the lungs and the trachea, which send the air up to the larynx.
What is the difference between the pharynx and the larynx?
The pharynx, or throat, is the part of the vocal tract below the soft palate and above the larynx. The larynx (voice box) is the passage for air between the pharynx and the trachea, and it holds the vocal folds.