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Astronomy Questions and Answers

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Stars are classed by the letters O, B, A, F, G, K, M. Which end is hottest?

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Unofficial practice questions, not affiliated with any school, exam board or quiz company. Bank checked September 23, 2026.

All 42 questions with answers

Stars 14

  • A plot of stars' color or temperature against brightness is called what? Answer: A Hertzsprung–Russell diagram. Source: Wikipedia, Main sequence. Read 2026-09-23.
  • Betelgeuse, in Orion, is what kind of star? Answer: A red supergiant. Source: Wikipedia, Betelgeuse. Read 2026-09-23.
  • On the magnitude scale, which number means a brighter star? Answer: A lower number. Source: Wikipedia, Apparent magnitude. Read 2026-09-23.
  • Stars are classed by the letters O, B, A, F, G, K, M. Which end is hottest? Answer: O. Source: Wikipedia, Stellar classification. Read 2026-09-23.
  • What happens to a star's outer layers when it becomes a red giant? Answer: They swell up, so the star becomes huge and its surface cooler. Source: Wikipedia, Red giant. Read 2026-09-23.
  • What is a black hole? Answer: An object so compact that not even light can escape its gravity. Source: Wikipedia, Black hole. Read 2026-09-23.
  • What is a neutron star? Answer: A massive star's collapsed core after a supernova. Source: Wikipedia, Neutron star. Read 2026-09-23.
  • What is a supernova? Answer: The powerful explosion of a star. Source: Wikipedia, Supernova. Read 2026-09-23.
  • What is a white dwarf? Answer: A very dense, Earth-sized star remnant with about the Sun's mass. Source: Wikipedia, White dwarf. Read 2026-09-23.
  • What is the edge of a black hole called? Answer: The event horizon. Source: Wikipedia, Black hole. Read 2026-09-23.
  • What is the main sequence? Answer: The band where most stars, including the Sun, sit on a color-brightness plot. Source: Wikipedia, Main sequence. Read 2026-09-23.
  • What will a star like the Sun become late in its life? Answer: A red giant, then a white dwarf. Source: Wikipedia, White dwarf. Read 2026-09-23.
  • Where are new stars born? Answer: In clouds of gas and dust called nebulae. Source: Wikipedia, Nebula. Read 2026-09-23.
  • Which star is the brightest in the night sky? Answer: Sirius. Source: Wikipedia, Sirius. Read 2026-09-23.

Galaxies and the universe 14

  • About how far away is the Andromeda Galaxy? Answer: About 2.5 million light-years. Source: Wikipedia, Andromeda Galaxy. Read 2026-09-23.
  • About how old is the universe, by current models? Answer: 13.8 billion years. Source: Wikipedia, Age of the universe. Read 2026-09-23.
  • About how wide is the Milky Way? Answer: About 87,000 light-years. Source: Wikipedia, Milky Way. Read 2026-09-23.
  • Distant galaxies are redshifted more the farther away they are. What does that show? Answer: The universe is expanding. Source: Wikipedia, Edwin Hubble. Read 2026-09-23.
  • Light from an object shifted to shorter wavelengths is called what? Answer: Blueshift. Source: Wikipedia, Redshift. Read 2026-09-23.
  • What did Edwin Hubble show about many objects then called nebulae? Answer: They were galaxies beyond the Milky Way. Source: Wikipedia, Edwin Hubble. Read 2026-09-23.
  • What does the Big Bang theory describe? Answer: The universe expanding from a very hot, dense early state. Source: Wikipedia, Big Bang. Read 2026-09-23.
  • What is an exoplanet? Answer: A planet outside our Solar System. Source: Wikipedia, Exoplanet. Read 2026-09-23.
  • What is dark matter? Answer: Unseen matter known only from its gravity. Source: Wikipedia, Dark matter. Read 2026-09-23.
  • What is redshift? Answer: Light stretched to longer wavelengths. Source: Wikipedia, Redshift. Read 2026-09-23.
  • What is the cosmic microwave background? Answer: A faint glow of microwaves filling all space, left from the early universe. Source: Wikipedia, Cosmic microwave background. Read 2026-09-23.
  • When was the first exoplanet around a Sun-like, main-sequence star detected? Answer: 1995. Source: Wikipedia, Exoplanet. Read 2026-09-23.
  • Where is the Sun among the stars? Answer: A main-sequence star, one of the most common kinds. Source: Wikipedia, Main sequence. Read 2026-09-23.
  • Which major galaxy is nearest to the Milky Way? Answer: The Andromeda Galaxy. Source: Wikipedia, Andromeda Galaxy. Read 2026-09-23.

Distances, telescopes and people 14

  • About how many light-years make one parsec? Answer: 3.26. Source: Wikipedia, Parsec. Read 2026-09-23.
  • How do astronomers learn what a star is made of? Answer: By splitting its light into a spectrum and reading the lines. Source: Wikipedia, Stellar classification. Read 2026-09-23.
  • Kepler's first law says a planet's orbit is what shape? Answer: An ellipse, the Sun at one focus. Source: Wikipedia, Kepler's laws of planetary motion. Read 2026-09-23.
  • Kepler's second law says a Sun-to-planet line does what? Answer: Sweeps out equal areas in equal times. Source: Wikipedia, Kepler's laws of planetary motion. Read 2026-09-23.
  • What did Copernicus propose? Answer: That the planets, Earth included, go around the Sun. Source: Wikipedia, Nicolaus Copernicus. Read 2026-09-23.
  • What does a light-year measure? Answer: Distance. Source: Wikipedia, Light-year. Read 2026-09-23.
  • What does a refracting telescope use to form an image? Answer: A lens. Source: Wikipedia, Refracting telescope. Read 2026-09-23.
  • What is an astronomical unit (au)? Answer: About the mean Earth-to-Sun distance. Source: Wikipedia, Astronomical unit. Read 2026-09-23.
  • What kind of light does the James Webb Space Telescope mainly observe? Answer: Infrared. Source: Wikipedia, James Webb Space Telescope. Read 2026-09-23.
  • Which did Galileo see with his telescope? Answer: Jupiter's four largest moons. Source: Wikipedia, Galileo Galilei. Read 2026-09-23.
  • Which method gives the parsec its name? Answer: Parallax: a star's small shift as Earth orbits the Sun. Source: Wikipedia, Parsec. Read 2026-09-23.
  • Who invented the reflecting telescope, which uses a curved mirror? Answer: Isaac Newton. Source: Wikipedia, Reflecting telescope. Read 2026-09-23.
  • Whose careful observations did Kepler use to work out his laws? Answer: Tycho Brahe. Source: Wikipedia, Kepler's laws of planetary motion. Read 2026-09-23.
  • Why are the largest research telescopes reflectors? Answer: Mirrors can be made far larger than lenses. Source: Wikipedia, Reflecting telescope. Read 2026-09-23.

How it works

These astronomy questions and answers go past the planets: how stars live and die, what galaxies and the Big Bang tell us, and how astronomers measure distances. Every answer comes with the reason.

Read the full guide

Three sets

Stars runs from the main sequence to red giants, white dwarfs, supernovae, neutron stars and black holes. Galaxies and the universe covers Andromeda, redshift, dark matter and the Big Bang. The last set asks about light-years, parsecs, telescopes, Kepler and Galileo.

Harder than the kids' quiz

This bank is written for high school and adult learners. For younger players, space trivia for kids asks about the planets, the Moon and astronauts, and no question appears in both. For a quiz night, print the question sheet and the answer key and read one set per round.

  • A light-year is a distance, not a time: how far light goes in a year.
  • On the magnitude scale smaller numbers are brighter, so Sirius at −1.46 outshines a magnitude 1 star.

Questions and answers

What are some hard astronomy questions?

Try: which end of the O, B, A, F, G, K, M sequence is hottest? How many light-years make a parsec? What does Kepler's second law say? The answers, with reasons, are in the quiz.

How old is the universe?

About 13.8 billion years, according to current Big Bang models fitted to data from the Planck spacecraft.

Where do the answers come from?

Each answer was checked against the Wikipedia article named under it in September 2026. The quiz leaves out counts that keep changing, such as the number of known exoplanets.