Plumbing and HVAC Parts: Diagrams of Fixtures, Heaters and Pumps

Fixtures and machines cut open on paper with a numbered ring on every part, from the aerator at the tip of a faucet to the water seal in a P-trap.

A leak under the sink is easier to describe once the parts have names. The curved pipe that holds water is the J-bend of the P-trap.

61 pages

Sinks and faucets 4

The sink as a whole, then the bathroom and kitchen versions with the parts that only they have, the inside of a faucet, and the disposal that hangs under a kitchen bowl.

Parts of a SinkA sink in side section with a drain close-up: faucet, overflow, tailpiece, P-trap, shutoff valve and pop-up stopper among 22 numbered parts. Drain body · Supply line · Pivot rod
Parts of a FaucetA single-handle faucet pulled apart and a compression valve cut open: 12 numbered parts, from the cartridge and O-rings to the washer and valve seat. Spout · Gasket · Aerator
Parts of a Kitchen SinkA double-bowl kitchen sink and the plumbing under it: faucet, sprayer, soap dispenser, air gap, strainers, garbage disposal, dishwasher hose, drain and P-trap. Bowls · Countertop · Basket strainer
Parts of a Garbage DisposalStopper, sink flange, mounting ring, dishwasher inlet, discharge tube and reset button, then the splash guard, grinding chamber, turntable, impellers, grind ring and motor.

Showers, tubs and toilets 10

A shower with the wall cut away, its head and its drain, a bathtub, a toilet with the tank opened, its seat, a urinal and the flush valve above it, and the septic tank beyond the house.

Parts of a ShowerA shower cut from the side with the wall opened and its valve taken apart: 10 numbered parts, from the showerhead and flange to the cartridge and drain. Trim plate · Cartridge · Handle
Parts of a BathtubA bathtub and its drain cut through: 12 numbered parts, from the tub spout and diverter to the overflow plate, trip lever, drain shoe and P-trap. Trip lever · Handle · Diverter
Parts of a ToiletA toilet cut open side-on: 17 numbered parts, from the flush handle, flapper, fill valve and float in the tank to the bowl, rim, trap and closet flange. Tank · Bowl · Fill valve
Label the Parts of a ToiletA toilet cut open as a worksheet: seventeen numbered parts from the tank lid to the closet flange, a line for each name, and a key. Seat · Supply line · Refill tube
Parts of a Shower HeadShower arm, flange and spray nozzles on the wall; then the filter screen, flow restrictor, swivel ball, collar, washer and faceplate of the head taken apart.
Parts of a Toilet SeatSeat, lid and hinge on the toilet; then the bumpers under the seat and one hinge apart: hinge cover, seat bolt, hinge post, washer, bolt hole and nut.
Parts of a Septic TankA two-compartment septic tank cut open in the ground, the system from above and a drainfield trench end-on: scum, sludge, baffles and biomat among 21 numbered parts. Sludge layer · Inlet baffle · Access lid
Parts of a Shower DrainTile, mortar bed, pan liner, sloped subbase, subfloor and curb, then the strainer, clamping ring, weep holes and drain base, with the drain pipe and P-trap below.
Parts of a UrinalFlush valve, handle, control stop, vacuum breaker, coupling nut, spud, rim, bowl, strainer and lip; then the trap, wall hanger, outlet connection and waste pipe.
Parts of a Flush ValveHandle, plunger, valve body, cover, diaphragm, relief valve, bypass, upper chamber, control stop, tailpiece and vacuum breaker.

Water heaters, softeners and valves 13

Where household water is heated, softened, filtered and shut off: water heaters, a softener, a reverse osmosis system, valves, a hose bib, a backflow preventer and a lawn sprinkler system.

Parts of a ValveA globe valve cut open: 9 numbered parts, from the body, ports, seat and disc to the stem, bonnet, packing, gland nut and handwheel. Stem · Body · Ports
Parts of a Spigot (Hose Bib)Handle, threaded spout and vacuum breaker on the outside; packing nut, packing, stem, washer, stem screw and valve seat inside an outdoor faucet.
Parts of a Gas Water HeaterDip tube, anode rod, flue, draft hood, relief valve, burner, thermocouple and gas control valve; then the elements and thermostats of an electric heater.
Parts of a Water MeterA home water meter cut open in its meter box, with the register face enlarged: sweep hand, low-flow indicator, strainer and nutating disc among 24 numbered parts. Bottom plate · Strainer · Outlet
Parts of a Tankless Water HeaterA wall-hung gas tankless water heater with the front cover off: two heat exchangers, burner, gas valve, flow sensor and flame rod among 26 numbered parts. Condensate drain · Outlet thermistor · Remote controller
Parts of a Water SoftenerA water softener: 10 numbered parts, from the control valve, bypass valve and resin tank to the brine tank, salt, float, brine line and drain line. Bypass valve · Mineral tank · Brine line
Parts of a Reverse Osmosis SystemAn under-sink reverse osmosis system in an open cabinet, with the membrane housing enlarged: pre-filters, RO membrane, shut-off valve, flow restrictor and storage tank among 23 numbered parts. Carbon block pre-filter · Membrane housing · RO membrane
Parts of a Sprinkler SystemA lawn sprinkler system: controller, zone valves, pipes, zones, soil moisture sensor, and a sprinkler head's body and nozzle. Zone valves · Controller · Zones
Parts of a Backflow PreventerShutoff valves, four test cocks, body, relief valve, air gap and strainer, then the two check valves with their springs, seats and covers and the zone between.
Parts of a Sprinkler ValveSolenoid, wires, bonnet, flow control, bleed screw and flow arrow; then the plunger, diaphragm, spring, valve seat, inlet and outlet.
Parts of a Butterfly ValveBody, lugs, seat, disc, top flange and lever handle from the front; stem, stem seal and bushings in the cut-through; and a wafer body with a gear operator.
Parts of a Solenoid ValveCoil, lead wires, plunger, core tube and spring in the solenoid; disc, valve seat, orifice, ports and body in the valve.
Unlabeled Sprinkler System DiagramThe sprinkler system drawing with nothing written on it, to print and fill in: a front yard from overhead, a sprinkler head cut open below it, and an answer key. Zones · Pipes · Nozzle

Pumps and irrigation 7

Well, sump, centrifugal and vacuum pumps, then the garden hose, its reel and a drip irrigation system.

Parts of a Well SystemA drilled home well cut open from the aquifer to the pressure tank, with a shallow-well jet pump inset: pitless adapter, check valve and pressure switch among 26 numbered parts. Pitless adapter · Grout · Pump motor
Parts of a Sump PumpSump basin, cover, inlet pipe, float switch, discharge pipe, check valve and air bleed hole; then the volute and impeller of a submersible pump, and a pedestal pump.
Parts of a Water HoseA garden hose from the spigot to the nozzle, with both ends drawn large and the hose wall cut open: swivel, hose washer, ferrule and reinforcement layer among 18 numbered parts. Quick-connect fitting · Hose mender · Hose clamp
Parts of a Hose ReelFrame, handle, wheels, axle, reel, crank handle, garden hose, leader hose, swivel, O-rings and elbow.
Parts of a Vacuum PumpInlet and exhaust ports, oil mist filter, gas ballast valve, oil case with its plugs and sight glass, then the stator, rotor, vanes and exhaust valve inside.
Parts of a Drip Irrigation SystemTimer, backflow preventer, filter, pressure regulator, mainline, fittings, emitters, drip line, micro-spray and end cap.
Parts of a Centrifugal PumpImpeller, vanes, eye, volute, suction and discharge; then the shaft, wearing rings, stuffing box, packing, lantern ring, gland and bearings.

Heating and cooling 19

Boiler, furnace, radiator, heat pump and room heaters, a gas heater and a patio heater among them, then cooling: air conditioners, a window unit among them, swamp cooler, chiller, cooling tower, refrigeration system and a whole HVAC system.

Parts of a BoilerA home hot-water boiler and its heating loop: burner, combustion chamber, flue, relief valve, gauge, low-water cutoff, supply, radiator, return, pump, expansion tank. Low-water cutoff · Circulating pump · Pressure gauge
Parts of a RadiatorSections, thermostatic valve, lockshield valve and bleed valve on a room radiator; core, tubes, fins, tanks, cap, hoses and drain cock on a car radiator.
Parts of a Blower MotorBlower motor, blower wheel, housing, air inlet, outlet, cutoff plate, mount arms, capacitor, strap and leads, then the mounting band, shaft, hub, setscrew and blades.
Parts of a Residential HVAC SystemThermostat, return grille, filter, air handler, evaporator coil, plenum, trunk and branch ducts, registers and the outdoor unit; then a rooftop unit on its curb.
Parts of A/C UnitA central air conditioner's outdoor unit opened up, beside the indoor coil on the furnace: compressor, run capacitor, contactor, expansion valve and drain pan among 25 numbered parts. Access panel · High-pressure switch · Blower
Parts of a Kerosene HeaterHandle, top plate, guard grille, ignition lever, wick adjuster knob, shut-off knob, fuel gauge and tank, then the burner, wick, igniter and safety shut-off inside.
Parts of a Mini Split Air ConditionerIndoor unit, front panel, air filter, evaporator coil, fan, louver, drain hose and remote; outdoor unit, fan, condenser coil, compressor, service valves, pipes and cable.
Parts of a Refrigerator CompressorShell, three tubes, terminals, overload protector and starting relay outside; stator, rotor, crankshaft, piston, mufflers and oil sump inside; then the valve plate and its two valves.
Parts of a ChillerCompressor, motor, condenser, evaporator, tube bundle, water boxes, expansion valve, relief valve and control panel, then the two pumps, the air handler and the cooling tower.
Parts of a Walk In CoolerInsulated panels and their cam locks, the door with its hinges, latch, closer, gaskets and heater wire, the thermometer and light switch, and the unit cooler and condensing unit.
Parts of a Baseboard HeaterFront cover, cabinet, end caps, heating element, fins, high-limit switch, thermostat, wiring compartment and knockouts, then the copper tube of a hot-water baseboard.
Parts of a Home FurnaceReturn duct, filter, blower, heat exchanger and supply plenum on the air side; gas valve, manifold, burners, igniter and draft inducer on the gas side; and the switches that watch them.
Parts of a Cooling TowerFan, fill, louvers, drift eliminators, plenum, hot and cold water basins, nozzles, then the float valve, overflow, drain, sump, strainer and outlet.
Parts of a Heat PumpOutdoor coil, fan, compressor, accumulator, reversing valve and expansion device in the outdoor unit; refrigerant lines, air handler, indoor coil, blower, strip heater and thermostat indoors.
Parts of a Swamp CoolerCooling pads, pad frame, trough, water distributor, pump, water pan, float valve, supply line, bleed-off line, blower wheel, pulleys, belt, motor, duct and cabinet.
Parts of a Refrigeration SystemCompressor, condenser, expansion valve and evaporator; discharge, liquid and suction lines; high and low sides; receiver, filter drier, sight glass, solenoid valve and remote bulb.
Parts of a Gas HeaterCabinet, grill guard, burner plaques, control knob and ignitor button, then the pilot, thermocouple, control valve and regulator.
Parts of a Window ACFront grille, air filter, control panel, louvers, cabinet and side curtains, then both coils, both fans, the motor, compressor and base pan.
Parts of a Patio HeaterReflector, post, cylinder cover, door, propane cylinder, regulator, hose, base and wheels, then the emitter screen, burner, pilot and controls.

Gas and fire safety 8

A portable propane cylinder, a gas pressure regulator, a home gas meter, a portable fire extinguisher and a fire pump installation. These pages name the parts and stop there.

Parts of a Fire ExtinguisherCylinder, nameplate, pressure gauge, carrying handle, operating lever, hose, nozzle and wall hanger, then the valve assembly, siphon tube, pull pin and tamper seal.
Parts of a Propane TankCylinder, collar, foot ring and stamped markings, the cylinder valve with its handwheel, outlet and pressure relief valve, then the OPD float, vapor space and liquid inside.
Parts of a Fire PumpFire pump, driver, coupling, base plate, controller and circulation relief valve, then the suction and discharge pipes, valves and gauges, the jockey pump and the test header.
Parts of a Storage TankA fixed roof tank and a floating roof tank at a fuel depot, cut open side by side: shell, breather vent, gauge hatch, pontoons and rim seal among 26 numbered parts. Sump · Breather vent · Shell
Parts of a Fire Sprinkler SystemA wet-pipe fire sprinkler system in a building cut open, from the water main to the heads, with one pendent head drawn large: alarm check valve, cross main and deflector among 23 numbered parts. Glass bulb · Sprinkler head · Tamper switch
Parts of a Fire HydrantA dry-barrel fire hydrant: operating nut, bonnet, hose and pumper nozzles, caps and barrel, then the stem, lower barrel, main valve and drain valve. Stem · Operating nut · Barrel
Parts of a RegulatorBody, inlet, outlet, orifice and valve disc, stem, diaphragm, spring, adjusting screw, cap, vent and relief valve.
Parts of a Gas MeterService pipe, shut-off valve, regulator, swivel, inlet, outlet, case and index; then the dials and hands, and the diaphragms, slide valves and partition inside.

More about these tools

The small valve on the wall is an angle stop. The rod behind the faucet that works the stopper is the lift rod. Each page is one drawing of a fixture or a machine, from a bathroom sink to a boiler, with a numbered ring on every part.

Study lists each name beside a line on what the part does, often enough to ask for the right spare or to follow a plumber's quote. Find it and Name it turn the same drawing into a quiz, and every drawing prints blank or labeled. Names were checked against makers' glossaries and reference articles on the date each page shows. These pages name parts. They do not give repair, gas or electrical instructions.